WOMAC^® 3.1 Index
Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis Index

Since its development in 1982, the WOMAC^® Index has undergone several revisions and modifications. The Index is self-administered and assesses the three dimensions of pain, disability and joint stiffness in knee and hip osteoarthritis using a battery of 24 questions. The latest version of the instrument (WOMAC^® 3.1) is available in over 100 alternate language forms, and in many languages is available in 5-point Likert, 100mm Visual Analogue and 11-box Numerical Rating Scale formats. The WOMAC^® 3.1 has been linguistically validated and is widely used in the evaluation of knee and hip osteoarthritis. It is a valid, reliable and responsive measure of outcome, and has been used in diverse clinical and interventional environments. The index has been subject to numerous validation studies which have addressed the following specific clinimetric issues:

• Reliability - stability, internal consistency
• Validity - face, content, construct
• Responsiveness - pharmacologic agents, devices, orthopaedic surgery, physical forms of therapy
• Likert vs visual analogue scaling
• Prior score availability
• Time-frame dependency
• Signal vs aggregate measurement
• Parametric vs non-parametric analysis
• Relative efficiency
• Weighting and aggregation
• Alternative forms of administration - telephone, mouse-driven cursor, touch screen, mobile phone
• Benchmarking against responder criteria, state-attainment criteria and age- and gender-specific population-based normative values.

Use of the WOMAC^® 3.1 Index is supported by the latest version of the User Guide - User Guide XI. The User Guide contains information on index derivation, specific clinimetric issues, formatting, index presentation, score calculation, statistical issues and provides over 900 relevant references, the majority to previous studies employing the WOMAC^® Osteoarthritis Index.

WOMAC^® User Guide

WOMAC^® 3.1 Alternate Language Forms

• Asia-Pacific
• North America
• Central America
• South America
• Europe
• Middle East
• Other

North America	Canada - English - French USA - English - Spanish - Florida	Central America	Costa Rica Dominican Republic Guatemala Mexico Puerto Rico
South America	Argentina Brazil - Japanese - Portugese Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru - Japanese - Spanish Venezuela	Middle East	Egypt Iran Israel - Arabic - Hebrew - Russian Jordan Lebanon Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates - Arabic - English
Asia-Pacific	Australia China - Mandarin Hong Kong - Cantonese India - Bengali - English - Gujarati - Hindi - Kannada - Malayalam - Marathi - Punjabi - Tamil - Telugu - Urdu Japan Korea Malaysia - Cantonese - English - Malay - Tamil New Zealand Philippines - Cebuano - English - Tagalog Singapore - Malay - Mandarin - English Taiwan - Mandarin Thailand	Europe	Austria Belgium - French - Flemish Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia - Estonian - Russian Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia - Latvian - Russian Lithuania Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland - German - French - Italian Turkey United Kingdom
Other	Bangladesh Georgia Moldova - Romanian - Russian Russia South Africa - Afrikaans - English Ukraine - Ukranian - Russian